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Large language models and generative AI have arrived in marine science, as they have everywhere else. The tools are impressive. The claims made on their behalf are sometimes more impressive still.

Marine ecological models have improved enormously over the past two decades. We can now simulate ocean currents, track nutrient cycling, and predict species distribution shifts under climate scenarios with impressive precision.

The term "digital twin" has become difficult to avoid. It appears in corporate strategy decks, government policy documents, and research funding calls with increasing regularity.

The ocean covers roughly 71% of the Earth's surface and generates about half of the planet's oxygen. It regulates our climate, feeds billions of people, and supports a web of biodiversity we are still only beginning to catalogue.